Online, Augmented Memorial to the Jews Deported from France

1978 Memorial

In the first edition of the Memorial to the Jews Deported from France (1978, english edition 1983), Serge Klarsfeld compiled the list of 76,000 Jews, men, women and children, deported from France, who were executed or died in the internment camps of France under the Nazi occupation and the Vichy regime. Convoy descriptions precede the nominal list of the deportees who compose it. Vladimir Jankélévitch welcomed this publication with these words:

"The Memorial of Serge Klarsfeld, perpetuating the memory of 75,000 Jewish deportees in France, is first of all due to the enormity of the work it represents and the ruthless, methodical, meticulous rigor that presided over its elaboration. (...) One can not conceive of a more atrocious and diabolical machinery dismantled in a more sober work. (...) The Memorial of Serge Klarsfeld brings out the night and the cloud by calling them by their name, the innumerable anonymous ghosts annihilated by their executioners. To name these pale shadows is to summon them to the light of day." (Le Nouvel Observateur, May 22, 1978)

2012 Memorial

After 40 years of research and a series of intermediate versions, Serge Klarsfeld published the third edition of the Memorial to the Jews Deported from France (2012) in memory of the 76,000 deportees, the 3,000 dead in the camps in France and the thousand Jews executed during the Second World War. Many corrections have been made since the original 1978 version. This alphabetical version provides additional information for each victim, including the maiden name, the last address in France and the transit or internment camp.

Find here the translation of Serge Klarsfeld's original introduction to the 2012 Memorial.

Online Memorial

• post online Serge Klarsfeld's lifetime achievement - the Memorial to the Jews Deported from France - as an interactive tool which allows to search individuals by surname, by given name, by maiden name, by date or place of birth, by last known address, by convoy, etc, or by any combination of these criteria. Here are several search examples:

  • find the persons born in Greece, who lived in Marseille and were deported in 1943.

  • search for the persons born in Frankfurt am Main and inmates in the Gurs internment camp.

  • find the persons deported by convoy 51 whose last address was in Corrèze.

  • find the children under age 7 who lived in the 11th arrondissement of Paris and whose given name starts with a 'J'.

• allow for a phonetic search of surnames, given names, maiden names or localities, in order to find persons recorded under a slightly distinct spelling.

• extend Klarsfeld Memorial by identifying as precisely as possible the birthplaces listed in the 2012 book, and report their current names together with the country and region they are found in.

The database of the online Memorial is built from the 2012 edition of the Memorial; it also includes corrections made by Serge Klarsfeld since 2012. From there, I started editing.

I first did a systematic review of the data. The massive use of computer techniques has made it possible to detect and correct a small number of errors or inaccuracies and to standardize the results. For example, adding the year of birth to the age of the person at the time of their deportation, we should normally obtain a value between 1941 and 1945. Otherwise, there is a contradiction that must be resolved. I also corrected the minor errors that had crept into the addresses in France, street names, departments, birth dates, etc. I updated the names of the streets (when it was possible), the names of the communes of France and the departments.

Then I tried to specify the place of birth of the victims. The versions of the 1978 and 2012 Memorial generally provide the date and place of birth of each person, but without any other details. One of this version's objectives is to identify these places of birth, giving the current name of each locality, as well as the country and the department (in France) or the administrative region (outside France) where it is currently located.

This task is tricky for the following reasons:

• The lists of convoys and other sources used to develop the 1978 and 2012 Memorials are sometimes in a bad conditions that makes them difficult to decipher.

• The spelling of places of birth as found in these lists is often approximate or even fanciful, especially with respect to foreign names.

• The transcription in French of the names of these localities has removed the diacritic accents and introduced new approximations.

• Localities have often changed their names throughout history and moved from sovereignty to sovereignty through political and administrative changes. For example, the Lemberg of the Austro-Hungarian Empire, has become Lwów, Poland in 1918 then Львов (Lvov), Soviet Union in 1945 and now Львів (Lviv or L'viv), Ukraine since 1991. The redistribution of borders at the end of the Second World War and following the partitions of the Soviet Union and Yugoslavia contributed significantly to these changes of name and language. In the same way, municipalities have changed their name or disappeared, being absorbed by other agglomerations.

• The places of birth provided by the deportees often reflect the name of the locality at the time of their birth, and the same city was often referenced by its various names. It is possible that the information provided by some deportees on their date and place of birth is deliberately incorrect or simply approximate (for example respond "born in Berlin" instead of "born in Charlottenburg", where Charlottenburg was a suburb, now a borough of Berlin). The Vichy authorities and the German occupation authorities also used the French names of localities (such as Varsovie for Warszawa, Poland or Brousse for Bursa, Turkey) or their German name (such as Petrikau for Piotrków Trybunalski, Poland) ...

• Distinct localities often share the same name, and are sometimes spread among in different countries.

We added references to the online lists of persons posthumously declared as "died in deportation" by the Office National des Anciens Combattants et Victimes de Guerre (National Office for Veterans and Victims of War) administration. These lists, published by the Official Journal of the French Republic, provide details not in Klarsfeld Memorial, but they often contradict it : different spellings of first and last names, multiple first names, date, place and country of birth, maiden name, ... Unfortunately, these lists introduce many errors: notably, foreign names and places of birth abroad are severely distorted. This is why it was necessary either to "reinterpret" this information or to ignore it. I leave it to the reader to check them.

The database has also been enriched with links to other online sources, such as biographies, testimonies, metrical records, memorial records such as those from the Memorial of the Victims of Persecutions against Jews by the Nazi regime in Germany (Gedenkbuch), the Documentation Center for Resistance in Austria (Dokumentationsarchiv des österreichischen Widerstandes), the website of the Mémorial de la Shoah in Paris, the Pages of Testimony pages at Yad VaShem or the Jewish genealogy sites. All these sites are freely accessible but some of them may request pre-registration, login or other security procedures. The information provided by these other sources may sometimes contradict this repository and/or may contain inaccurate information. Please note that each referenced site is responsible for their own material.

To unmistakably identify the uncertain birthplaces of people born in France (mainly in Alsace/Lorraine), we consulted the departmental archives online to find the trace of their birth in the civil records and decennial tables. In these cases too, links to the websites of the Departmental Archives were added.

The critical comparison of these different data has made it possible to precisely identify the many birthplaces of the deportees, which until then have remained indecipherable. For 93% of deportees, there is now a precise estimate of their place of birth. For the remaining 7% were born in 3,900 locality names are still not identified (out of 15,000 distinct place names in the 2012 Memorial) but they account for 2% of the persons. In a few hundred cases, this study also made it possible to propose additions and corrections of errors in the surnames, first names and maiden names of the persons named in the Memorial.

By giving everyone the name of the city or village of their birth, this tool hopefully helps to enrich and clarify a little more the identity of the victims and their journey. For genealogists, this is the key to any search for ancestors upstream and other branches of the family.

This study shed new light on the distribution of deportees according to their place of birth. It is striking to find out the extreme diversity of this population born among 6,400 towns and villages across 74 countries (in 2019 borders), mostly in now vanished Jewish communities in Europe and around the Mediterranean basin. The distribution of the birth places can be seen here.

However, we did not systematically correct the first and last names when the differences are minor and they do not affect the phonetic search or when translating to French: for example, an entry for a person named Maurice Loeb in the 2012 Memorial and Moritz Löb in the Gedenkbuch may remain unchanged.

When the information from the various sources diverges totally, we left the information of each source. The birth dates in different sources often differ by a year or two, perhaps reflecting the strategy of the persecuted Jews to declare themselves younger or older, depending on the case, to increase their chances of survival.

The 1978 version of the Memorial specifies the nationality of a large number of the deportees until June 1943 and indicates who were the known survivors in 1945. These data being excluded from the 2012 version, they are currently only partial and we will complete them in the future.

According to the practices used in genealogy, this tool uses the current names of each locality, as they are used locally, including their accents, cedillas and other diacritics (e.g. Łódź, Ivano-Frankivsk, Chişinău, Bucureşti). However, we have indicated the ancient names of these localities when they appeared on the sources (e.g. Stanisławów for Ivano-Frankivsk in Ukraine, Kishinev for Chişinău in Moldova). For non-Latin alphabets (i.e. Greek, Arabic, Russian, Belarussian, Bulgarian, Serbian, Macedonian, Hebrew), we use the transliteration of these places to the Latin alphabet as found on the English versions of Google Maps or Wikipedia (e.g. Thessaloniki for Θεσσαλονίκη). Country names are in English (e.g. Hungary, Germany). The names of the provinces and administrative subdivisions of each country are usually in the local language with accents and diacritics signs: for example, the Rhine-Palatinate land in Germany is indicated as Rheinland-Pfalz, the French departments are noted with their accents (e.g. Ariège, not Ariege), the Holy Cross Province (voivodeship) in Poland is noted Świętokrzyskie.

Despite the utmost attention given to this study, some choices may prove to be wrong, some errors may have occurred. I am the one and only responsible for them. Contact me here for any additions or corrections.

How to search the database?

To carry out a new search, return to the form you started from. Do not forget to clear previously filled fields or press the Clear button.

The search engine uses the Daitch-Mokotoff soundex (D-M soundex) and the Beider-Morse Phonetic Matching (BMPM) techniques, which allow you to find a person, even when the names, first names and localities are spelled differently from the database. It is also possible to search by filter including convoy, place or date of birth, by last address, etc. By default, the search of surnames uses the BMPM technique, the search on maiden names and birthplaces uses the D-M soundex and the search on given names uses exact spelling. Choose the 'sounds like' and 'is phonetically' options (which respectively use the D-M soundex and the BMPM phonetic matching, to locate the spelling variants of the names, given name, localities or regions.

Description of the database content

• Surname: When one name is listed, it is the surname from the 2012 Memorial or its correction. When several names are listed, separated by a vertical bar '|' (e.g. KOLCZEWAKS | KOLGEWAKS), the second surname is either a false identity alias, a suggested correction to the first surname or the spouse name for surviving women who married after the war. It is recommended to search a surname in BMPM mode [is phonetically].

• Given name(s): Klarsfeld 2012 Memorial indicates a single given name only. Multiple given names can be found on other sources such as the Journal Officiel lists (see below). It is recommended to search a given name in D-M soundex mode [sounds like].

• Maiden name: The surname at birth; occasionally, it may hold the surname of a divorcee spouse, as mentioned in a note.

• Gender: M (male), F (female) ou ? (unknown : this is the case for around 600 persons).

• Age: at deportation time or at death in France.

• Date of birth is in the format DD-MMM-YYYY, e.g. 08-Aug-1915 means August 8, 1915.

• Place of birth: The full place of birth includes the name of the current municipality, its region and country, according to 2021 international borders.

  Clicking on the locality name displays its surrounding area on Google Maps with a Wikipedia description.

  The reported region is the current administrative division the birthplace is located in: we used here the départment in France, land in Germany, voivoidship in Poland, county in Romania/Moldavia/Hungary/Lithuania, oblast in Ukraine, oblast or republic in Russia, region in Belarus/Morocco, state in Austria, province in Algeria, governorate in Tunisia, region (kraj) in Czech Republic/Slovakia, canton in Switzerland, etc.

• Former/other name of birthplace: This searchable field indicates the former name(s) of the place of birth, e.g. Kichinev pour Chișinău. Large cities can be searched by their french name, e.g. Varsovie for Warszawa/Warsaw, Vienne for Wien/Vienna.

• Town nearby place of birth: A larger town near the place of birth.

• Hamlet/neighborhood of birth: Some recorded birthplaces are either small hamlets within a village, or became sections/districts/neighborhoods of a larger municipality, e.g. Borgerhout is now a district of Antwerpen, Caudéran became a neighborhood of Bordeaux, Charlottenburg is now a borough of Berlin.

• Place of birth in Klarsfeld 2012 Memorial: this place is always reported.

• Place of birth in Journal Officiel: This place is presented only when it is significantly differs from the one in Klarsfed 2012 Memorial. It comes with the country name at birth time.

• Journal Officiel Announcement: This hyperlink refers to the first page of the official decree of the French Ministry of Defense and published online in the Journal Officiel de la République Française, stating that the person "died in deportation". These lists are established par the National Office for Veterans and Victims of War (Office National des Anciens Combattants et Victimes de Guerre, in short ONACVG).

  Caveat: On recent decrees, you may perform a text search with Ctrl-F; on older decrees with scanned pictures, there is no text search, so just review the images. Please note that a decree is usually composed of several pages and several successive lists, each of them been sorted alphabetically. So, if you do not see the name you search, keep on browsing down or move the next page(s) using the "Page Suivante" (i.e. "Next Page") button.

• Other sources: References to other sources that were helpful to identify where the person was born: the German Gedenkbuch, the french civil records online, Yad Vashem Pages of Testimony, etc.

• Citizen: The country of citizenship of the deportee at war time, partially extracted from Klarsfeld 1978 Memorial for the convoys until March 1943.

• Address: Complete last known address in France. Clicking on the street name or the locality name displays its surrounding area on Google Maps.

  Searching by street name: for example, "25 Rue de la République", "Avenue Gambetta", "Emile Zola", "Pasteur", without comma.

  Searching by town name: use today's name of the french commune, e.g. "Lunéville", "Châlons-en-Champagne", with or without accents.

  Searching by department: choose the French département's name as of today, e.g. "Pyrénées-Atlantiques", "Val-de-Marne"; it may differ from the départment name at war time.

• Precedent Address: A former address or the old street name during the war.

• Internment/Transit Camp:, one internment or transit camp in France or in Italy that the person went through, e.g. Noé, or Drancy.

• Convoy or List Number: We reuse here the numeration used by Serge Klarsfeld in his 2012 Memorial.

  Clicking on the number will bring the historical notice about this convoy or list, taken from the 1978 (french) edition of the Memorial.

  • Convoys 1 to 79: 74 convoys, numbered 1 to 79 (skipped numbers: 41, 43, 54, 56, 65) including only Jews, from March 1942 to August 1944.

  • List 80: This list is made of 4 sub-lists:

    • List 80A: 73 spouses of prisoners + children deported on May 2, 1944 from Drancy to Bergen-Belsen.

    • List 80B: 73 spouses of prisoners + children deported on May 3, 1944 from Drancy to Bergen-Belsen.

    • List 80C: 49 spouses of prisoners + children deported on July 21, 1944 from Drancy to Bergen-Belsen.

    • List 80D: 63 spouses of prisoners + children deported on July 23, 1944 from Drancy to Bergen-Belsen.

  • List 81: 180 Jews, deported on July 30, 1944 from Noé to Toulouse then to Buchenwald and Ravensbrück.

  • List 82: 29 Jews, deported on August 20, 1944 from Clermont-Ferrand to Dachau.

  • List 83: Jews deported in convoys of political repression (as opposed to the convoys of deportation for racial persecution). Among these convoys, are notably:

    • List 83a: Jews deported in convoy of political opponents I.42 also known as “convoi des 45000” from Compiègne to Auschwitz. 45000 is a reference to their inmate numbers.

    • List 83b: Jews in convoy I.74 “31000” including among others communist women, deported on January 24, 1943 from Compiègne to Auschwitz. 31000 is a reference to their inmate numbers.

  • List 84: 646 Jews from the Nord and Pas-de-Calais french départements arrested in Northern France, transferred to Malines (Mechelen), Belgium, to be sent to Auschwitz-Birkenau by the deportation convoys of the Jews from Belgium. Many of them were arrested in France on September 11, 1942, transfered from Lille to Brussels then deported by convoy X to Auschwitz-Birkenau on September 15, 1942. Others were deported in other convoys from Malines (Mechelen) to Auschwitz-Birkenau.

  • List 85: 31 Jews deported individually.

  • List 90: 2,000 Jews died in internment or transit camps in France (Gurs, Récébédou, Noé, Drancy, Rivesaltes, Compiègne, Lannemezan, Le Vernet, Nexon, etc).

  • List 91: 1,217 Jews shot or executed summarily in France.

  • List 92: We will gather here the Jews who committed suicide in France while facing the persecution.

  • List 641: List of 584 'half-Jews' or 'spouses of Aryans' deported from Drancy to Alderney (Aurigny in french), the northernmost of the Channel Islands. This list is an addition to Serge Klarsfeld's 2012 Memorial. It originates from the Fondation pour la Mémoire de la Déportation.

  For more details on the convoys, see Klarsfeld descriptions : 1978 Edition (french only), 2012 Edition.

• Date of convoy departure: according to DD-MMM-YYYY format. For example Jul-1942 will filter the persons deported in July 1942.

• Convoy origin: The place the convoy started from. One among these places: Angers, Beaune-la-Rolande, Cherbourg, Clermont-Ferrand, Compiègne, Drancy, Drancy/Compiègne, Lille, Lyon, Malines/Mechelen (Belgique), Noé/Toulouse, Paris, Pithiviers, Toulouse.

• Convoy destination: One or more concentration or extermination camps this convoy was sent to: Aurigny (Alderney), Auschwitz-Birkenau, Bergen-Belsen, Buchenwald, Buchenwald/Ravensbrück, Dachau, Kaunas/Tallinn, Malines/Auschwitz-Birkenau, Mauthausen, Natzweiler, Neuengamme, Ravensbrück, Ravensbrück/Buchenwald, Sarrebrücken - Neue Bremm, Sobibor, Sobibor/Majdanek. Some convoys to Auschwitz-Birkenau stopped at Kosel in Upper Silesia (today Kędzierzyn-Koźle, Opole Voivodeship, Poland), where some men were selected for work in the Blechhammer camp. There is usually no information available to determine who got off the train at Kosel and who continued to Auschwitz-Birkenau. We indicate which convoys stopped in Kosel.

• First prisoner number: When known, this is the first prisoner number assigned to those admitted in a concentration camp out of France (usually in Auschwitz-Birkenau). Otherwise, when the prisoner number is not recorded, we indicate simply 'yes'. Deportees gassed upon arrival did not receive any prisoner number and we indicate 'no'. For many, even this mere distinction is unknown, in which cases this field remains empty.

• Survivor/Escapee: According to the latest research, there were around 3,943 known survivors in 1945 ("Mémorial des 3943 rescapés Juifs de France", Doulut, Klarsfeld et Labeau, 2018). We follow their classification, indicating those among the survivors who escaped from the trains before the arrival to the camps. A few more survivors were identified since the publication of this book.

• Date of death: for persons whose death was recorded in the concentration/extermination camps or when they were shot or died in internment/transit camps in France. When unknown, we do not follow the ONACVG convention published in the Journal Officiel which sets arbitrarily the date of death as five days following the convoy left France. This date is recorded with the DD-MMM-YYYY format. For example Apr-1942 will filter the persons known to have died in April 1942 and 1944 will filter the victims of 1944. For survivors, we sometimes indicate their date of death after the war. (Partial)

• Place of death or liberation (for survivors): when known.

• Profession: This is the profession recorded in french in various deportation lists. Completion and translation to english is ongoing.

• Photo: Pages and pictures from the French Children of the Holocaust Memorials (Mémorial des Enfants) books, published by Serge Klarsfeld in 1996 and 2016.

• Notes: These notes usually indicate the rationale and the resources used to identify the birthplace of the individuals, and to complete and correct their identity. The most blatant contradictions detected between discording sources are also presented here. For references to online metrical records (Paris or Archives Départementales), the act number and image number in the digital repository provide a direct access to the record.

• Permalink: a permanent URL address. Copy this address to create a hyperlink from your web site to the page of a person listed in this Memorial.

Geographical tools

• Google Maps

• Wikipedia in English, French, German, Polish, and all the european languages.

• U.S. Board on Geographic Names

• Gary Mokotoff and Sallyann Amdur Sack with Alexander Sharon, Where Once We Walked: Revised Edition, Avotaynu, Teaneck, NJ, 2002.

• JewishGen Community Database

• JewishGen Gazetteer

• Paris street names, including former street names.

• Judaism of Alsace and Lorraine.

Linguistic and onomastic tools

• Daitch-Mokotoff soundex

• Beider-Morse Phonetic Matching

• Beider, Alexander, A Dictionary of Jewish Surnames from the Russian Empire: Revised Edition (Bergenfield, NJ: Avotaynu, 2008)

• Beider, Alexander, A Dictionary of Jewish Surnames from the Kingdom of Poland (Teaneck, NJ: Avotaynu, 1996)

• Beider, Alexander, A Dictionary of Jewish Surnames from Galicia (Bergenfield, NJ: Avotaynu, 2004)

• Beider, Alexander, A Dictionary of Jewish Surnames from Maghreb, Gibraltar, and Malta (Bergenfield, NJ: Avotaynu, 2017)

• Beider, Alexander, A Dictionary of Jewish Surnames from Italy, France, and Portuguese Communities (Bergenfield, NJ: Avotaynu, 2019)

• Menk, Lars, A Dictionary of German Jewish Surnames (Bergenfield, NJ: Avotaynu, 2005)

• Tagger, Mathilde, Dictionary of Bulgarian Jewish Surnames (New Haven, CT: Avotaynu, 2014)

• Steve Morse: Searching Ashkenazic Reference Books for Jewish Surnames

• Steve Morse: Searching Sephardic Reference Books for Jewish Surnames

Many publications by Beate and Serge Klarsfeld (books, magazines, stories) are now available online in english and in french here.

• Serge Klarsfeld, Le Mémorial de la Déportation des Juifs de France (Klarsfeld, Paris, 1978)

• Serge Klarsfeld, Le Mémorial de la Déportation des Juifs de France (Fils et Filles des Déportés Juifs de France, Paris, 2012)

• Alexandre Doulut, Serge Klarsfeld, Sandrine Labeau, Les rescapés juifs d'Auschwitz témoignent (Fils et Filles des Déportés Juifs de France/Après l'oubli, Paris, 2005)

• Alexandre Doulut, Serge Klarsfeld, Sandrine Labeau, Mémorial des 3943 rescapés juifs de France (Beate Klarsfeld Foundation/Fils et Filles des Déportés Juifs de France/Après l'oubli, Paris, 2018)

• Serge Klarsfeld, French children of the Holocaust, a Memorial (New York University Press, New York, 1995)

• Serge Klarsfeld, French children of the Holocaust, a Memorial, Volume 2 (Fils et Filles des Déportés Juifs de France, Paris, 2016)

• Le Mémorial de la Shoah, Paris

• Le Livre Mémorial de la déportation en France, Fondation pour la Mémoire de la Déportation. This repository lists the convoys and persons deported from France for persecution reasons (political opponents, resistants, civil hostages) and not for persecution reasons.

• Auschwitz-Birkenau Memorial And Museum, a partial list of deportees, prisoners in Auschwitz-Birkenau who where not gassed immediately upon arrival.

• Victims of the Persecution of Jews under the National Socialist Tyranny in Germany, Gedenkbuch

• Yad VaShem, Jerusalem

• US Holocaust Memorial Museum, Washington, DC

• The mentions 'mort en déportation' (died during deportation) published in the French Official Journal

• Cartography of Deported Children in Paris and France

• AMEJD, Associations for the Memory of Deported Jewish Children

• Dokumentationsarchiv des österreichischen Widerstandes, Austrian Victims of the Holocaust

• Czech Victims of the Holocaust

• Dutch Victims of the Holocaust

• Centro di Documentazione Ebraica Contemporanea, Shoah Victims in Italy

• Caserne Dossin: Memorial, Museum and Documentation Center on the Holocaust and Human Rights, Malines/Mechelen, Belgium

• Le Maitron, a biographical dictionary of all those who were shot, executed or massacred in France, 1940-1944.

• JewishGen Holocaust Database

• Bas-Rhin Memorial, Holocaust deportees and victims born or residing in the Bas-Rhin département (Alsace, around Strasbourg).

• Haut-Rhin Memorial, Holocaust deportees and victims born or residing in the Haut-Rhin département (Alsace, around Colmar and Mulhouse).

• Le Mémorial des déportés Judéo-Espagnols de France, Association Muestros Dezaparesidos, Paris 2019. This memorial book focus on the fate of the Jews originating from the Balkans, Greece and Turkey who were deported from France.

• Franche-Comté Memorial, Holocaust deportees and victims from Franche-Comté, an area around Besançon in Eastern France including the following departments : Doubs, Jura, Haute-Saône and Territoire de Belfort.

• Amis de la Fondation pour la Mémoire de la Déportation de l'Allier, a website to the memory of the deportees, Jews and non-Jews, born or resident in the Allier department, in central France (cities: Vichy, Moulins, Montluçon).

• Les déportés juifs de la Sarthe, a website to the memory of the persecuted Jews born or resident in the Sarthe department, in western France.

• Association de Recherche et d’Etudes Historiques sur la Shoah en Val de Loire, a website to the memory of the persecuted Jews from the Indre-et_Loire department, around Tours.

• La Shoah dans l'arrondissement de Saint-Nazaire, a website to the memory of the persecuted Jews from the Saint-Nazaire district, an area within the Loire-Atlantique department near Nantes.

• Les Juifs de la Manche sous l'Occupation, Archival research about the Jews from the Manche department (50). See also the Cherbourg Memorial wiki.

• Itinéraires de Mémoire sur la Shoah sur les Juifs de Soissons, Archival documentation about the Shoah of the Jews of Soissons, Aisne (02)

• Convoys from Pithiviers and Beaune-la-Rolande association and web site in memory of the internees in the Loiret camps - Pithiviers and Beaune-la-Rolande - and deported by convoys 4, 5, 6, 13, 14, 15, 16 and 35.

• convoi8(at)org, association and web site in memory of the deportees of convoy 8 (left Angers on July 20, 1942 for Auschwitz-Birkenau). [under construction]

• Convoi 64, web site in memory of the deportees of convoy 68 (left Drancy on December 7, 1943 towards Auschwitz-Birkenau).

• Convoy 68 association and web site in memory of the deportees of convoy 68 (left Drancy on February 10, 1944 parti towards Auschwitz-Birkenau).

• Convoy 73 web site in memory of the deportees of convoy 73 (left Drancy camp on Mai 15, 1944 towards the Baltic states).

• Convoi 76, Biographies of deportees from convoy 76 (left Drancy on June 30, 1944 towards Auschwitz-Birkenau), Cercle d'étude sur la Déportation et la Shoah.

• Convoy 77 association and web site in memory of the deportees of convoy 77 (left Drancy camp on July 31, 1944 for Auschwitz-Birkenau)

• Anonymes, Justes et Persécutés durant la période Nazie dans les communes de France, a website about Jews and persecuted populations during the Nazi era thorough all localities of France.

• Déportés politiques à Auschwitz, le convoi du 6 juillet 1942 dit des "45000", a website to the memory of the deportees from July 6, 1942 convoy I.42. from Compiègne to Auschwitz-Birkenau, also known as the Convoy of the 45000 in reference to their inmate numbers. In this convoy some 50 Jews joined hundred of persons, political deportees for repression reason.

• Internees in the camps of the Pyrénées-Orientales. This database created by the Archives Départementales des Pyrénées-Orientales enables to trace the itinerary of men and women who passed through the internment camps of this département, including Perpignan, Rivesaltes, Saint-Cyprien and Argelès-sur-Mer.

Metrical books and genealogy

• French Departmental Archives Online,

• Archives nationales d'outre-mer, index of metrical records from French citizens of Algeria.

• JewishGen

• Jewish Records Indexing-Poland

Publications

• L’évolution du Mémorial de la Déportation des Juifs de France, video conference to Cercle de Généalogie Juive de France, March 2021 (in french).

• Le Mémorial de la Déportation des Juifs de France est désormais en ligne, Convoi 77 website, Charlotte Oberti, November 2020 (in french).

• L’évolution du Mémorial de la Déportation des Juifs de France, Bulletin des Fils et Filles des Déportés Juifs de France, number 146-147, September 2020 (in french).

Acknowledgments

I am particularly indebted to Steve Morse for his logistical support around the One-Step tool, and for hosting the search engine on his website. Without the One-Step tool available, I would probably not have started this project.

I submitted a few questions and working assumptions to Alexander Beider, who kindly replied with his encyclopedic knowledge.

I thank Eve Line Blum-Cherchevsky (z"l), Chantal Dossin and Georges Mayer who helped me to resolve questions about the deportees of convoys 73, 76 and 77 respectively. Eve Line, stressing the importance of officially declaring victims as "died in deportation" by the French Ministry of Defense (War Veterans Affairs), enlightened me as to what could be expected from the lists published in the Journal Officiel. Thanks to Nicolas Coiffait who shared with me the material he indexed from the archives of Hopital Rothschild.

The German Federal Archives (BundesArchiv in Berlin) were kind enough to share their information on the German Jews who were in France during the war.

Jackie Schwarz applied her remarkable skills to fill gaps about Jews who came from Antwerpen or Belgium.

My friends Jacqueline Weisz, a member of the Sons and Daughters of the Jewish deportees from France association and Philippe Boukara, historian at the Mémorial de la Shoah in Paris, provided me with useful advices and feedback on this project.

Finally, I wish to thank my spouse Isabelle, who supported me by her smart remarks and infinite patience.

Jean-Pierre Stroweis
Jerusalem, Israel